Geographic History

World map in 1648

281 states share the map in 1648. The largest by mapped area are Russia, Spanish Empire and Qing.

Russia is the largest state on the map in 1648, a position it has held since 1633 (before that: Spanish Empire). It stays in first place until 1917, when United Kingdom takes over. The five largest states hold 41% of all land with a recorded ruler. 43% of the land on the map has no recorded state. The number of states is about the same as in 1640: 281 against 283.

Historical map of the world in 1648 showing the borders of states and empires
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The world in 1648, colored by ruling state. Grey land has no state recorded in the dataset.

Largest states in 1648

StateMapped areaProvinces
Russia11 million km²121
Spanish Empire8.7 million km²251
Qing5 million km²110
Ottoman Empire3.7 million km²142
Kazakh Khanate2.7 million km²34
Kingdom of Portugal2.4 million km²51
Mughal2.1 million km²71
Safavid Persia1.9 million km²48
Khoshuud1.5 million km²9
Khalkha1.2 million km²8

What changed since 1640

  • 123 provinces changed hands between 1640 and 1648.
  • Qing gained about 2.5 million km², mostly from Ming.
  • Russia gained about 1.2 million km², mostly from land with no recorded state and Hodyntsy.
  • Khoshuud gained about 870 thousand km², mostly from Utsang and Kham.
  • Xi gained about 260 thousand km², mostly from Ming.
  • New on the map: Xi, Harar, Najran and Ireland.
  • No longer on the map: Utsang, Hodyntsy, Vijayanagar, Pommern and Silesia.

Battles, 1648 - 1649

  • 1648Candia
    Venetian-Turkish War - won by Ottoman Empire
  • 1648Pilawce
    Cossack Polish Wars - won by Cossacks
  • 1648Zusmarshausen
    Thirty Years War - won by France, Sweden
  • 1648Colchester
    British Civil Wars - won by Parliamentarians
  • 1648Lens
    Thirty Years War - won by France
  • 1648Korsun
    Cossack Polish Wars - won by Cossacks, Crimean Tatars
  • 1648Preston
    British Civil Wars - won by Parliamentarians
  • 1648St Fagans
    British Civil Wars - won by Parliamentarians
  • 1649Zborov
    Cossack-Polish War - won by Cossacks, Tatars
  • 1649Drogheda
    British Civil Wars - won by England
  • 1649Focchies
    Venetian-Turkish Wars - won by Venice
  • 1649Rathmines
    British Civil Wars - won by Parliamentarians

Empire maps for this period

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