Geographic History

World map in 1590

307 states share the map in 1590. The largest by mapped area are Spanish Empire, Russia and Ottoman Empire.

Spanish Empire is the largest state on the map in 1590, a position it has held since 1534 (before that: Ming). It stays in first place until 1633, when Russia takes over. The five largest states hold 35% of all land with a recorded ruler. 50% of the land on the map has no recorded state. The number of states is about the same as in 1588: 307 against 309.

Historical map of the world in 1590 showing the borders of states and empires
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The world in 1590, colored by ruling state. Grey land has no state recorded in the dataset.

Largest states in 1590

StateMapped areaProvinces
Spanish Empire7.9 million km²233
Russia4.8 million km²81
Ottoman Empire4 million km²143
Ming3.8 million km²103
Mongolia3 million km²22
Kazakh Khanate2.6 million km²32
Safavid Persia1.9 million km²48
Songhai1.7 million km²25
Mughal1.4 million km²50
Kingdom of Portugal1.4 million km²43

What changed since 1588

  • 4 provinces changed hands between 1588 and 1590.
  • Mughal gained about 50 thousand km², mostly from Kashmir.
  • Malindi gained about 47 thousand km², mostly from Mombasa and Ottoman Empire.
  • Kilwa Sultanate gained about 39 thousand km², mostly from Mombasa.
  • No longer on the map: Mombasa and Kashmir.

Battles, 1590 - 1599

  • 1590Odawara
    Japan's Era of the Warring States - won by Toyotomo Hideyoshi
  • 1590Hachigata
    Japan's Warring States Period - won by Hideyoshi
  • 1591Tondibi
    Moroccan-Songhai War - won by Morocco
  • 1592Chongju
    Japanese Invasion of Korea - won by Japan
  • 1592Pusan (2nd)
    Japanese Invasion of Korea - won by Korea
  • 1593Chinju
    Japanese Invasion of Korea - won by Japan
  • 1593Haengju
    Japanese Invasion of Korea - won by Korea
  • 1593Pyokjekwan
    Japanese Invasion of Korea - won by Japan
  • 1593Pyongyang
    Japanese Invasion of Korea - won by China
  • 1595Giurgiu
    Wallachian-Turkish War - won by Wallachia, Transylvania
  • 1598Noryang
    Japanese Invasion of Korea - won by China, Korea
  • 1598Ulsan
    Japanese Invasion of Korea - won by Japan

Empire maps for this period

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