Geographic History

World map in 1517

363 states share the map in 1517. The largest by mapped area are Ming, Safavid Persia and Russia.

Ming is the largest state on the map in 1517, a position it has held since 1395 (before that: Golden Horde). It stays in first place until 1534, when Spanish Empire takes over. The five largest states hold 19% of all land with a recorded ruler. 55% of the land on the map has no recorded state. The number of states is about the same as in 1510: 363 against 371.

Historical map of the world in 1517 showing the borders of states and empires
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The world in 1517, colored by ruling state. Grey land has no state recorded in the dataset.

Largest states in 1517

StateMapped areaProvinces
Ming3.8 million km²103
Safavid Persia2.2 million km²56
Russia2.1 million km²41
Kazakh Khanate1.7 million km²20
Sibir1.6 million km²14
Ottoman Empire1.6 million km²72
Mongolia1.6 million km²12
Songhai1.3 million km²23
Oirat Horde1.2 million km²8
Kingdom of Kongo1 million km²9

What changed since 1510

  • On the map, Spanish Empire takes the place of Castile (about 600 thousand km²).
  • On the map, Spanish Empire takes the place of Kingdom of Aragon (about 240 thousand km²).
  • Apart from that, 85 provinces changed hands between 1510 and 1517.
  • Safavid Persia gained about 660 thousand km², mostly from Bukhara.
  • Ottoman Empire gained about 580 thousand km², mostly from Mamluk Sultanate and Fadl.
  • Khiva gained about 490 thousand km², mostly from Bukhara.
  • Chagatai Khanate gained about 260 thousand km², mostly from Ming.
  • New on the map: Khiva, Hausa, Kabylia and Algiers.
  • No longer on the map: Fadl, Beja, Kingdom of Sus, Dulkadir and Aden.

Battles, 1517 - 1519

  • 1517Ridanieh
    Ottoman-Mamluk War - won by Ottoman Empire
  • 1517Champoton
    Spanish Conquest of Yucatan - won by Mayans
  • 1518Brannkyrka
    Wars of the Kalmar Union - won by Sweden
  • 1519Ceutla
    Spanish Conquest of Mexico - won by Spain
  • 1519Tlaxcala
    Spanish Conquest of Mexico - won by Spain
  • 1519Potonchan
    Spanish Conquest of Mexico - won by Spain
  • 1519Cholula
    Spanish Conquest of Mexico - won by Spain, Tlaxcans

Empire maps for this period

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