Geographic History

World map in 1566

330 states share the map in 1566. The largest by mapped area are Spanish Empire, Ming and Ottoman Empire.

Spanish Empire is the largest state on the map in 1566, a position it has held since 1534 (before that: Ming). It stays in first place until 1633, when Russia takes over. The five largest states hold 31% of all land with a recorded ruler. 51% of the land on the map has no recorded state. The number of states is about the same as in 1560: 330 against 329.

Historical map of the world in 1566 showing the borders of states and empires
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The world in 1566, colored by ruling state. Grey land has no state recorded in the dataset.

Largest states in 1566

StateMapped areaProvinces
Spanish Empire6.8 million km²209
Ming3.8 million km²103
Ottoman Empire3.5 million km²128
Russia3.2 million km²64
Mongolia3 million km²22
Kazakh Khanate2.6 million km²32
Safavid Persia1.9 million km²45
Songhai1.8 million km²26
Kingdom of Portugal1.3 million km²41
Mughal1.2 million km²38

What changed since 1560

  • 72 provinces changed hands between 1560 and 1566.
  • Spanish Empire gained about 760 thousand km², mostly from land with no recorded state and Cebu.
  • Taungu gained about 740 thousand km², mostly from Shan and Ayutthaya.
  • Mughal gained about 200 thousand km², mostly from Malwa and Gondwana.
  • Loango gained about 110 thousand km², mostly from Kingdom of Kongo.
  • New on the map: Basra, Madurai, Keladi, Kalachuri and Carnatic.
  • No longer on the map: Shan, Ayutthaya, Malwa, Livonian Order and Jaunpur.

Battles, 1566 - 1569

  • 1566Gyula
    Turkish-Habsburg Wars - won by Ottoman Empire
  • 1566Szigetvar
    Turkish-Habsburg Wars - won by Ottoman Empire
  • 1566Oland
    Nordic Seven Years War - won by Sweden
  • 1567Chitor
    Mughal Conquest of Northern India - won by Mughal Empire
  • 1567St Denis, France
    2nd French War of Religion - won by French Catholics
  • 1568Jodoigne
    Netherlands War of Independence - won by Spain
  • 1568Heiligerlee
    Netherlands War of Independence - won by Nassau
  • 1568Jemmingen
    Netherlands War of Independence - won by Spain
  • 1568Langside
    Uprising against Mary Queen of Scots - won by Regent Lord James Stewart, William Kirkaldy
  • 1568Malacca
    Early Portuguese Colonial Wars in Asia - won by Portugal, Johore
  • 1569La Roche-LAbeille
    3rd French War of Religion - won by French Protestants, German Protestants
  • 1569Moncontour
    3rd French War of Religion - won by French Catholics, Spain, Italy, Switzerland

Empire maps for this period

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