Geographic History

World map in 1492

380 states share the map in 1492. The largest by mapped area are Ming, Kazakh Khanate and Aq Qoyunlu.

Ming is the largest state on the map in 1492, a position it has held since 1395 (before that: Golden Horde). It stays in first place until 1534, when Spanish Empire takes over. The five largest states hold 17% of all land with a recorded ruler. 55% of the land on the map has no recorded state. There are fewer states than in 1453: 380 against 411.

Historical map of the world in 1492 showing the borders of states and empires
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The world in 1492, colored by ruling state. Grey land has no state recorded in the dataset.

Largest states in 1492

StateMapped areaProvinces
Ming3.9 million km²104
Kazakh Khanate1.7 million km²20
Aq Qoyunlu1.6 million km²41
Sibir1.6 million km²14
Muscovy1.5 million km²31
Oirat Horde1.4 million km²9
Mongolia1.4 million km²11
Mamluk Sultanate1.1 million km²37
Timurid Empire1 million km²23
Kingdom of Kongo1 million km²9

What changed since 1453

  • On the map, Fulo takes the place of Takrur (about 28 thousand km²).
  • Apart from that, 296 provinces changed hands between 1453 and 1492.
  • Kazakh Khanate gained about 1.7 million km², mostly from Shaybanid and Chagatai Khanate.
  • Sibir gained about 1.6 million km², mostly from Shaybanid and land with no recorded state.
  • Aq Qoyunlu gained about 1.4 million km², mostly from Qara Koyunlu and Khorasan.
  • Muscovy gained about 940 thousand km², mostly from Novgorod and Tver.
  • New on the map: Kazakh Khanate, Sibir, Saadi Sultanate, Astrakhan and Bijapur Sultanate.
  • No longer on the map: Qara Koyunlu, Novgorod, Marinid Sultanate, Cusco and Nazca.

Battles, 1492 - 1499

  • 1492Villach
    Turkish-Hungarian Wars - won by Hungary
  • 1493Anfao
    Wars of the Songhai Empire - won by Rebel General Mohammed Aski
  • 1494Vega Real
    Spanish Conquest of Haiti - won by Spain
  • 1495Fornovo
    Italian War of Charles VIII - won by France
  • 1495Seminara
    Italian War of Charles VIII - won by France
  • 1496Aversa
    Italian War of Charles VIII - won by Spain, Italy
  • 1497Blackheath
    Flammock's Rebellion - won by England
  • 1499Lepanto
    Venetian-Turkish Wars - won by Ottoman Empire
  • 1499Calven
    Swabian War - won by Switzerland
  • 1499Hard
    Swabian War - won by Switzerland
  • 1499Bruderholz
    Swabian War - won by Switzerland
  • 1499Dornach
    Swabian War - won by Switzerland

Empire maps for this period

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