Geographic History

World map in 1227

360 states share the map in 1227. The largest by mapped area are Mongol Empire, Cumans and Khwarezmia.

Mongol Empire is the largest state on the map in 1227, a position it has held since 1207 (before that: Cumans). It stays in first place until 1272, when Yuan takes over. The five largest states hold 31% of all land with a recorded ruler. 59% of the land on the map has no recorded state. The number of states is about the same as in 1206: 360 against 362.

Historical map of the world in 1227 showing the borders of states and empires
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The world in 1227, colored by ruling state. Grey land has no state recorded in the dataset.

Largest states in 1227

StateMapped areaProvinces
Mongol Empire8.1 million km²104
Cumans3 million km²58
Khwarezmia2.4 million km²50
Song dynasty2 million km²54
Ayyubid Sultanate1.9 million km²49
Almohad Caliphate1.2 million km²50
Great Jin1.1 million km²32
Delhi1.1 million km²36
Xia1 million km²11
Yeren960 thousand km²10

What changed since 1206

  • On the map, Mongol Empire takes the place of Khamag Mongol (about 2.2 million km²).
  • On the map, Mongol Empire takes the place of Kara-Khanid (about 1 million km²).
  • On the map, Mongol Empire takes the place of Kara-Khitai (about 780 thousand km²).
  • Apart from that, 193 provinces changed hands between 1206 and 1227.
  • Mongol Empire gained about 2.2 million km², mostly from Great Jin and Ghurid.
  • Delhi gained about 1.1 million km², mostly from Ghurid and Bundelkhand.
  • Yeren gained about 770 thousand km², mostly from land with no recorded state.
  • Khwarezmia gained about 760 thousand km², mostly from Ghurid and Nasrid Sistan.
  • New on the map: Delhi, Zimbabwe, Ajuuraan, Warsangali and Pasai.
  • No longer on the map: Ghurid, Yenisei Kyrgyz, Nasrid Sistan, Maregh and Shah Armens.

Battles, 1227 - 1278

  • 1227Yellow River
    Conquests of Genghis Khan - won by Mongols
  • 1230Klokotnitsa
    Bulgarian Imperial Wars - won by Bulgarian Empire
  • 1239Gaza
    Later Crusader-Muslim Wars - won by Ayyubids
  • 1240Kiev
    Mongol Conquest of Russia - won by Mongols
  • 1241Cracow
    Mongol Conquest of Europe - won by Mongols
  • 1241Sajo
    Mongol Invasion of Europe - won by Mongols
  • 1241Lahore
    Mongol Invasions of India - won by Mongols
  • 1249Ashmoun Canal
    7th Crusade - won by Ayyubid Egypt
  • 1250Mansura, Egypt
    7th Crusade - won by Ayyubid Egypt
  • 1258Baghdad
    Mongol Invasion of the Middle East - won by Mongols
  • 1260Ain Jalut
    Mongol Invasion of the Middle East - won by Mamluk Sultanate
  • 1265Newport, Wales
    2nd English Baron's War - won by England

Empire maps for this period

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