Geographic History

World map in 1099

303 states share the map in 1099. The largest by mapped area are Seljuk Empire, Cumans and Song dynasty.

Seljuk Empire is the largest state on the map in 1099, a position it has held since 1072 (before that: Cumans). It stays in first place until 1102, when Cumans takes over. The five largest states hold 27% of all land with a recorded ruler. 61% of the land on the map has no recorded state. The number of states is about the same as in 1066: 303 against 305.

Historical map of the world in 1099 showing the borders of states and empires
Explore this map in the app
The world in 1099, colored by ruling state. Grey land has no state recorded in the dataset.

Largest states in 1099

StateMapped areaProvinces
Seljuk Empire3.2 million km²85
Cumans3.2 million km²65
Song dynasty2.9 million km²82
Almoravids2.5 million km²46
Liao2.3 million km²35
Kara-Khanid1.4 million km²24
Fatimid Caliphate1.3 million km²33
Naimans1.2 million km²9
Ghaznavid1 million km²26
Xia930 thousand km²10

What changed since 1066

  • On the map, Haasa takes the place of Qarmatians (about 100 thousand km²).
  • On the map, Gilan takes the place of Tabarestan (about 61 thousand km²).
  • On the map, Orissa takes the place of Kalinga (about 56 thousand km²).
  • Apart from that, 125 provinces changed hands between 1066 and 1099.
  • Almoravids gained about 570 thousand km², mostly from Ghana Empire and Kingdom of Tlemcen.
  • Seljuk Empire gained about 430 thousand km², mostly from Fatimid Caliphate and Harran.
  • Cumans gained about 250 thousand km², mostly from Pechenegs.
  • Annizah gained about 220 thousand km², mostly from Fatimid Caliphate.
  • New on the map: Gahadvala, Danishmend, Sultanate of Rum, Aden and Edessa.
  • No longer on the map: Pechenegs, Kingdom of Tlemcen, Taifa of Toledo, Harran and Zengid.

Battles, 1099

  • 1099Ascalon
    Crusader-Muslim Wars - won by Crusaders
  • 1099Jerusalem
    1st Crusade - won by Crusaders

Empire maps for this period

More world maps

Every year has a map

Drag a timeline across 2,500 years in the free Geographic History app - every province, ruler and battle, also offline.