Geographic History

World map in AD 1

214 states share the map in AD 1. The largest by mapped area are Han, Roman Empire and Xiongnu.

Han is the largest state on the map in AD 1, a position it has held since AD 1 (before that: Roman Empire). It stays in first place until AD 44, when Roman Empire takes over. The five largest states hold 39% of all land with a recorded ruler. 73% of the land on the map has no recorded state. There are more states than in 27 BC: 214 against 96.

Historical map of the world in AD 1 showing the borders of states and empires
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The world in AD 1, colored by ruling state. Grey land has no state recorded in the dataset.

Largest states in AD 1

StateMapped areaProvinces
Han4 million km²110
Roman Empire3.7 million km²249
Xiongnu3.5 million km²29
Parthia2.1 million km²47
Indo-Parthia910 thousand km²21
Satavahana750 thousand km²28
Kushan670 thousand km²14
Kangju660 thousand km²13
Meroe550 thousand km²10
Nabatea550 thousand km²10

What changed since 27 BC

  • On the map, Han takes the place of Han Dynasty (about 3.2 million km²).
  • On the map, Roman Empire takes the place of Octavian (about 2.7 million km²).
  • On the map, Western Satraps takes the place of Matsya (about 150 thousand km²).
  • Apart from that, 824 provinces changed hands between 27 BC and AD 1.
  • Xiongnu gained about 3 million km², mostly from land with no recorded state and Han Dynasty.
  • Indo-Parthia gained about 910 thousand km², mostly from land with no recorded state and Indo Scythians.
  • Han gained about 780 thousand km², mostly from land with no recorded state and Wusun.
  • Parthia gained about 740 thousand km², mostly from Persis and Characene.
  • New on the map: Indo-Parthia, Kangju, Zhangzhung, Sarmatians and Kanem Bornu.
  • No longer on the map: Bafour, Maurya Empire, Chin, Indo Scythians and Babyllinioi.

Battles, AD 1 - AD 13

  • AD 9Teutoburgwald
    Rome's Germanic Wars - won by Germanic Tribes

Empire maps for this period

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