Geographic HistoryMap of the Golden Horde
On the Geographic History map, the Golden Horde appears from 1261 to 1442. It reaches its largest mapped extent in 1261: about 5.4 million km² across 100 provinces.
The Golden Horde was the Mongol khanate founded by Batu Khan, a grandson of Genghis Khan, after his western campaigns of the 1230s and 1240s. From its capital Sarai on the Volga it ruled the steppe from the Danube to western Siberia and took tribute from the Russian principalities. In the 15th century it broke apart into the khanates of Kazan, Crimea, Astrakhan and others.
Mapped area over time
The Golden Horde on the world maps
Largest other states in 1261
| State | Mapped area |
|---|---|
| Mongol Empire | 9 million km² |
| Ilkhanate | 3.5 million km² |
| Chagatai Khanate | 2.4 million km² |
| Song dynasty | 2 million km² |
| Mamluk Sultanate | 1.1 million km² |
| Mali Empire | 960 thousand km² |
| Yeren | 960 thousand km² |
| Delhi | 950 thousand km² |
About this map
Territory comes from the Chronas historical dataset used by the Geographic History app. Areas are approximate, computed from about 2,400 province shapes, and describe this map rather than official historical figures - border data for the ancient and medieval world is necessarily a reconstruction.
Every year has a map
Drag a timeline across 2,500 years in the free Geographic History app - every province, ruler and battle, also offline.
