# World map in 1660

Source page: https://geographichistory.app/map/1660/

278 states share the map in 1660. The largest by mapped area are Russia, Spanish Empire and Qing.

Russia is the largest state on the map in 1660, a position it has held since 1633 (before that: Spanish Empire). It stays in first place until 1917, when United Kingdom takes over. The five largest states hold 43% of all land with a recorded ruler. 42% of the land on the map has no recorded state. The number of states is about the same as in 1650: 278 against 282.

## Largest states in 1660

| State | Mapped area (km²) | Provinces |
|---|---|---|
| Russia | 12,124,000 | 130 |
| Spanish Empire | 8,708,000 | 248 |
| Qing | 5,714,000 | 123 |
| Ottoman Empire | 3,667,000 | 142 |
| Kingdom of Portugal | 3,096,000 | 61 |
| Kazakh Khanate | 2,711,000 | 34 |
| Safavid Persia | 2,361,000 | 57 |
| Mughal | 1,921,000 | 67 |
| Khoshuud | 1,486,000 | 9 |
| Khalkha | 1,198,000 | 8 |

## Changes since 1650

- On the map, Majeereen takes the place of Marehan (about 190 thousand km²).
- On the map, Sultanate of Morocco takes the place of Saadi Sultanate (about 53 thousand km²).
Other changes: 145 provinces changed hands.
- Qing gained about 1.1 million km², mostly from Ming and Xi.
- Russia gained about 1.1 million km², mostly from Yeren and Buryats.
- Kingdom of Portugal gained about 610 thousand km², mostly from unclaimed land and Netherlands.
- Safavid Persia gained about 510 thousand km², mostly from Baluchistan and Mughal.

## Battles 1660 - 1669

- 1660: Chudnov (Russo-Polish Wars), won by Poland, Tatars
- 1660: Liubar (Russo-Polish Wars), won by Poland, Tatar Khanate
- 1660: Macassar (Dutch Wars in the East Indies), won by Netherlands
- 1660: Polonka (Russo-Polish War), won by Poland
- 1661: Fort Zeelandia (Chinese Conquest of Taiwan), won by Ming China
- 1663: Neuhausel (Later Turkish-Habsburg Wars), won by Ottoman Empire
- 1663: Manaha (Mughal-Ahom War), won by Mughal Empire
- 1664: St Gotthard (Later Turkish-Habsburg Wars), won by Habsburg Empire
- 1665: Ambuila (Portuguese Colonial Wars in Africa), won by Portugal
- 1665: Lowestoft (2nd Dutch War), won by England
- 1666: Four Days Battle (2nd Dutch War), won by Netherlands
- 1667: Lille (War of Devolution), won by France